Encephalitis is the medical term for inflammation of the brain, often triggered by infections or as a result of autoimmune dysfunction.
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is a particular type of encephalitis. This occurs when the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which is incredibly common in the general population, gains access to the brain (thankfully rare). There are two main types of HSV:
1. HSV1: typically associated with oral infections acquired early in life, though it can also cause genital herpes.
2. HSV2: primarily causes genital herpes and is sexually transmitted.
Around 90% of adults are infected with HSV1 during their lifetime. In most cases, the virus remains dormant, causing no further issues. However, in rare cases, the virus travels to the brain, causing severe inflammation and brain tissue destruction, particularly in the temporal and frontal lobes, which are responsible for memory, language, and behaviour. Often prompt treatment of encephalitis with a drug known as Aciclovir is vital in ensuring the best outcome for patients. Delay in providing the drug can lead to devastating and permanent consequences.
Around 90% of adults are infected with HSV1 during their lifetime. In most cases, the virus remains dormant, causing no further issues. However, in rare cases, the virus travels to the brain, causing severe inflammation and brain tissue destruction, particularly in the temporal and frontal lobes, which are responsible for memory, language, and behaviour. Often prompt treatment of encephalitis with a drug known as Aciclovir is vital in ensuring the best outcome for patients. Delay in providing the drug can lead to devastating and permanent consequences.
The damage that HSE can cause to brain tissue can result in significant impairment of cognitive function. This may manifest as difficulties with expressing language, the ability to read and write, and information retention and management. It can also cause motor issues such as limb weakness or altered sensation.
A further secondary risk of HSE is the development of critical illness neuropathy. Critical illness neuropathy is not specific to HSE, it can occur in anyone who requires mechanical ventilation and has multi-organ failure. It is a collection of muscle weakness syndromes which most commonly impacts limb and respiratory muscles. This can render patients unable to move independently or require them to remain on mechanical ventilation indefinitely.
All of this can contribute to significant challenges for individuals living with HSE. It is not uncommon for their ability to work or care for themselves to be affected, with many requiring part- or full-time care and assistance with daily activities. Similarly, they may require accommodation adaptations or need to move to single-storey homes to accommodate their increased needs and reduced mobility.
Taylor Emmet is currently acting on behalf of a client, GB, who suffered a life-altering episode of HSE following a delayed cancer diagnosis. He has unfortunately sustained life-changing injuries affecting almost every aspect of his life. Liability in the case was settled and approved by the court in March 2025. Issues around valuation are now being investigated, with a Quantum trial listed for 2027.
To learn more about encephalitis, including personal stories, medical information, and support resources, visit www.encephalitis.info, a global charity dedicated to improving awareness, diagnosis, and outcomes for those affected by encephalitis.
We are experienced clinical negligence solicitors determined to support those affected. If you would like to speak to one of our team to discuss whether you may have a claim for clinical negligence, please get in touch by calling 0114 218 4000 or emailing clinnegenquiryteam@tayloremmet.co.uk.